The Death of Marcus Aurelius

The Death of Marcus Aurelius

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Seneca, On Peace of Mind 3.6


“Which does the most good, he who decides between foreigners and citizens as praetor peregrinus, or, as praetor urbanus, pronounces sentence to the suitors in his court at his assistant's dictation, or he who shows them what is meant by justice, filial feeling, endurance, courage, contempt of death and knowledge of the gods, and how much a man is helped by a good conscience?

“If then you transfer to philosophy the time that you take away from the public service, you will not be a deserter or have refused to perform your proper task.”

We may no longer have a list of praetors, high magistrates holding different powers in the running of the Roman state, but we have our own modern web of officials, all of them with equally formal titles, all of them with equally impressive job descriptions. Everywhere we will see a hierarchy of positions, and the assumption will be that those higher up in the chain are doing the more important things. Their pronouncements are observed by more people, their judgments are thought to affect us more deeply, and their authority is therefore given far more reverence.

Indeed, some will be gifted with the skill of leadership, and some will be thrust into the public eye by the whims of fortune. That in any society there must be people in such places, and that there are certainly those who do such work with excellence, will be a part of the way things unfold.

Yet I still wonder, why do we think of them as being somehow greater, or better, or nobler?

A senator, or a judge, or a general may possess the deepest virtues, but how is this different from the deepest virtues of a farmer, or a plumber, or an office clerk? The politician may give his speeches from granite steps, yet there were also the men who built those steps he stands on. Is one any more because I can see him, and are the others any less because I cannot see them?

I might say that those in power simply do more in scale, that their actions have more force, because they make their mark the world around them more profoundly; is their greatness in the scope of their impact?

That would be true if I measured human worth by a control over circumstances, but the Stoic will consider the measure of human worth rather differently. We do well by the content of the character inside of us, not by a dominance over the conditions outside of us. Fame is drawn to appearances, while Nature is satisfied by righteousness. The quality of virtue is greater than the quantity of possessions.

I can seek comfort in knowing that I can always do good, both for myself and for others, regardless of where I find myself, or who sees me as being one thing or another. To whatever degree I might have influence over things around me, I always retain power over myself: a public office will only be as worthy as the private conscience behind it.

Let me first be ruled by philosophy, rightly understood, as the discipline that distinguishes between true and false, between right and wrong. It is greater, better, and nobler to live with wisdom and virtue than to hold any office or position. 

Written in 6/2011


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