The Death of Marcus Aurelius

The Death of Marcus Aurelius
Showing posts with label Lucas Cranach. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lucas Cranach. Show all posts

Sunday, June 22, 2025

Epictetus, Discourses 2.8.5


When this Craftsman has made you, do you dishonor his work? 
 
Nay, more, He not only made you, but committed you as a trust to yourself and none other. Will you not remember this, but even dishonor the trust committed to you? 
 
If God had committed some orphan to your care, would you have neglected him so? 

Yet He has entrusted your own self to you and He says, “I had none other more trustworthy than you: keep this man for me such as he is born to be, modest, faithful, high-minded, undismayed, free from passion and tumult.” 
 
After that, do you refuse to keep him so? 

—from Epictetus, Discourses 2.8 
 
I have a deep sympathy for those who struggle with God, simply because a day does not pass when I do not struggle with God. And of all the things I could struggle with, this one is, quite literally, the biggest one of all. 
 
No one likes to be bullied, and no one likes to feel boxed in. It hardly helps when wily and grasping men twist piety into a means for their sleazy profits, making us dubious about having confidence in any higher power. Ignore their artifices and carefully follow right reason; it will lead you wherever you need to go. 
 
Most importantly, recognize why a conscious union with the Divine is the ultimate liberation, for a knowledge of self can only become possible through a knowledge of its place within the whole. God is the total context of where we come from and where we are going, the absolute measure of meaning and purpose. 
 
Observe how Epictetus presents God’s assignment to us as an honor, not as a burden. Whether or not we have any faith in Him, He still believes in our capacity to take charge of our own affairs, to discover our own paths. As a song from my youth once said, “If you love somebody, set them free.” 
 
I fondly remember a summer spent in rural Austria, where my uncle would manage a small church, considered too obscure for the bishop to assign a regular pastor. After being shown the ropes, no pun intended, I was given the responsibility of ringing the bells three times a day for the Angelus. I don’t think I have ever felt more proud, more trusted, more significant. 
 
The locals laughed at how seriously I took the task, but I think of it still whenever I doubt my worth. Every thought and deed, however humble, should be like a call to prayer. The bigwigs won’t notice your gratitude and your service, but you will know, and God will know. 
 
My cat likes to “help” me when I go out in the morning to fetch the mail. Though he makes the process more involved by getting underfoot and stopping to roll in the grass, he is eager to do his part, in his peculiar way. He takes a joy in his duty, as should we all. 
 
And what does God ask of me? No more than to be a man of character, let the chips fall where they may. If I can take that to be a privilege instead of a punishment, asking for nothing else, I will no longer grumble against Providence. 

—Reflection written in 7/2001 

IMAGE: Lucas Cranach, The Creation (1534) 



Thursday, August 24, 2023

Epictetus, Discourses 2.4.2


Will you complain, “No man pays any attention to me, a man and a scholar”?
 
Of course, for you are bad and useless. Wasps might as well be indignant because no one heeds them, but all avoid them and anyone who can strikes and crushes them. Your sting is such that you cause pain and trouble to any one you strike with it. What would you have us do to you? There is no place to put you. 

—from Epictetus, Discourses 2.4 
 
I always know I am straying from the path when I start feeling the urge to complain about how poorly everyone else is treating me, and how the world is denying me what I believe to be rightfully mine. I suppose I think I will somehow feel better about myself if I can point to the wrongs of others. 
 
This is one of the hardest habits to break, and I often catch myself in mid-sentence. I need to go all the way back to the source, to my confusion about where to find the goods of life. If only I choose to improve my own thoughts and deeds, there will be no grounds for grievances. 
 
Why is a wicked man so worried about whether anyone bothers to pay attention to him? Is he not confident enough in his own merits? Does it not occur to him that if he stopped craving and demanding respect, he might actually begin receiving some respect, from the right sort of people? 
 
Why does the so-called scholar expect his learning to give him any greater standing? If he were truly wise, would he not cease to confuse his outer status with his inner worth? When will he realize that becoming more learned would entail being at peace, both with himself and with others? 
 
These are indeed uncomfortable questions, and while they are part of a story about a visitor to Epictetus, I am really directing them back at myself, as I imagine was intended. While I demand to be trusted, I am forgetting how I myself have failed to act in good faith, and my sense of isolation is a direct consequence of my own breaking of the social bonds. 
 
If I no longer wish to be avoided or swatted like a wasp, I might begin by not behaving so much like a wasp. Such Stoic solutions appear so radical, yet they are so incredibly simple. I have no proper place precisely because I have chosen to neglect my proper place. 
 
Whenever someone gives me a nasty verbal thrashing, I will still feel angry, but then I might consider whether the message, however severe, should be taken as an opportunity for self-improvement. If Epictetus is right to fume, then let me heed his advice. If I am sure he is wrong, I need not become enraged at his error. 
 
I’m afraid I thrive on references others find rather obscure, so this passage brings to my mind a painting by Lucas Cranach, Cupid Complaining to Venus. Having taken a honeycomb out of a tree, he is then upset about being attacked by the bees. The story comes from the poet Theocritus: 
 
As Cupid was stealing honey from the hive,
A bee stung the thief on the finger
And so do we seek transitory and dangerous pleasures
That are mixed with sadness and bring us pain. 

Like Cupid, I am busy shooting my arrows at everyone else, though I am indignant when I’m the one who gets hurt. My own desires produce my many losses. 

—Reflection written in 6/2001 

IMAGE: Lucas Cranach the Elder, Cupid Complaining to Venus (c. 1527) 



Tuesday, June 27, 2023

The Labors of Hercules 11


Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hercules Steals the Apples of the Hesperides (c. 1540) 

Lorenzo Vaiani, Hercules Killing the Dragon in the Garden of the Hesperides (1568) 

Peter Paul Rubens, Hercules Killing the Dragon in the Garden of the Hesperides (1640) 





Monday, May 29, 2023

The Labors of Hercules 10


Attic amphora, Heracles Fighting Geryon (6th century BC) 

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hercules and the Cattle of Geryon (c. 1537)  

Francisco de Zurbaran, Hercules Defeats King Geryon (1634) 





Thursday, November 10, 2022

The Labors of Hercules 4


Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hercules and the Erymanthian Boar (c. 1537) 

Antonio Tempesta and Nicolo Van Aelst, Hercules and the Boar of Erymanthus (1608) 

Francisco de Zurbaran, Hercules and the Erymanthian Boar (1634) 





Thursday, October 13, 2022

The Labors of Hercules 3


Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hercules and the Arcadian Deer (c. 1537) 

Heinrich Aldegrever, Hercules and the Hind with the Hooves of Brass (1550) 

Antonio Tempesta and Nicolo Van Aelst, Hercules and the Hind of Mount Cerynea (1608)





Tuesday, May 24, 2022

The Wisdom of Solomon 13:1-9


[1] For all men who were ignorant of God were foolish by nature;
and they were unable from the good things that
are seen to know him who exists,
nor did they recognize the craftsman while
paying heed to his works;
[2] but they supposed that either fire or wind or swift air,
or the circle of the stars, or turbulent water,
or the luminaries of heaven were the gods that rule the world.
[3] If through delight in the beauty of these things
men assumed them to be gods,
let them know how much better than these is their Lord,
for the author of beauty created them.
[4] And if men were amazed at their power and working,
let them perceive from them
how much more powerful is he who formed them.
[5] For from the greatness and beauty of created things
comes a corresponding perception of their Creator.
[6] Yet these men are little to be blamed,
for perhaps they go astray
while seeking God and desiring to find him.
[7] For as they live among his works they keep searching,
and they trust in what they see, because the
things that are seen are beautiful.
[8] Yet again, not even they are to be excused;
[9] for if they had the power to know so much
that they could investigate the world,
how did they fail to find sooner the Lord of these things? 

IMAGE: Lucas Cranach, The Creation (1534) 



Sunday, October 31, 2021

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Melancholy


Lucas Cranach the Elder, An Allegory of Melancholy (1528)

Lucas Cranach the Elder, Melancholy (1532)