18. Knowledge, the known, and the knower form the threefold cause of action. The instrument, the object, and the agent are the threefold basis of action.
19. Knowledge, action, and agent are declared in the Sânkhya philosophy to be of three kinds only, from the distinction of Gunas: hear them also duly.
20. That by which the one indestructible Substance is seen in all beings, inseparate in the separated, know that knowledge to be Sâttvika.
21. But that knowledge which sees in all beings various entities of distinct kinds as different from one another, know you that knowledge as Râjasika.
22. While that which is confined to one single effect as if it were the whole, without reason, without foundation in truth, and trivial—that is declared to be Tâmasika.
23. An ordained action done without love or hatred by one not desirous of the fruit and free from attachment, is declared to be Sâttvika.
24. But the action which is performed desiring desires, or with self-conceit and with much effort, is declared to be Râjasika.
25. That action is declared to be Tâmasika which is undertaken through delusion, without heed to the consequence, loss of power and wealth, injury to others and one's own ability.
26. An agent who is free from attachment, non-egotistic, endued with fortitude and enthusiasm, and unaffected in success or failure, is called Sâttvika.
27. He who is passionate, desirous of the fruits of action, greedy, malignant, impure, easily elated or dejected, such an agent is called Râjasika.
28. Unsteady, vulgar, arrogant, dishonest, malicious, indolent, desponding and procrastinating, such an agent is called Tâmasika.
—Bhagavad Gita, 18:18-28
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