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Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Musonius Rufus, Lectures 3.5


Well then, so much for self-control. As for justice, would not the woman who studies philosophy be just, would she not be a blameless life-partner, would she not be a sympathetic helpmate, would she not be an untiring defender of husband and children, and would she not be entirely free of greed and arrogance?

And who better than the woman trained in philosophy— and she certainly of necessity if she has really acquired philosophy —would be disposed to look upon doing a wrong as worse than suffering one (as much worse as it is the baser), and to regard being worsted as better than gaining an unjust advantage? Moreover, who better than she would love her children more than life itself? What woman would be more just than such a one?

Neither men nor women can be temperate without being guided by wisdom, and this will in turn be true of all the virtues. Philosophy, then, as the very means by which we can understand the true from the false and the right from the wrong, will be a foundation for the life well lived.

It is not to be reserved only for some, but it is made for everyone. It is not the privilege of the few, but it is the responsibility of the many. It is not just a luxury, but it is a necessity. Rich and poor, young and old, men and women are all called to philosophy, simply by being human.

Justice is as universal a virtue as temperance, and as the virtue that must inform all social relations, it will determine the very structure of the family and the community.

How should husbands and wives, parents and children, friends and neighbors, show the proper respect for one another? Scholars can write as many profound books about justice as they wish, though they will be of little use if none of us can actually practice any of it.

We often like to speak of justice in terms of getting what we believe is rightfully ours, as a defense of what is owed to us, but I am pleased to see how Musonius Rufus follows a slightly different path.

As he describes the woman who is just, he says that she is blameless, sympathetic, and a defender of her family. This becomes possible because she is neither greedy nor arrogant, because she does not first think of what she deserves from others, but of what others deserve from her. Justice grows out of the giving, not out of the receiving. Our job is to rule our own actions, not those of others.

And so I cannot help but think immediately of the women I have known in my own life who lived in precisely this way, firm and confident in their own character, regardless of all the posing and posturing of other people around them.

Like any of us, they were grateful to be appreciated and praised, but that was never why they did what they did. They did what they did because they loved others, and they found their own worth in the fullest expression of that love.

Better to suffer a wrong than to ever commit a wrong, better to bear unfairness from others than to ever be unfair oneself. Those who build their lives around a sense of entitlement will not understand this, even as the women who raised me understood it completely, and tried their best to instill those same values in me. Their example proved that they weren’t just mouthing fancy words.

I was still fairly young, but I do remember asking my grandmother once why women sometimes seemed so much stronger than men. “Motherhood will do that to you,” she laughed, “and there are quite a few men who could learn something from it.”

I can make more sense of her words now than I could back then. The toughness wasn’t some sort of exhibition of prowess, intended to impress or to prove some point, but it came from the sharp focus of dedication to the good of others, to the level where there was never any hesitation about sacrificing anything and everything else.

In this way, a woman’s justice can be an example of the most perfect justice, of complete and total self-giving for what is right. Just look at what she will do out of love for her child. We would have no humanity at all, and hence no philosophy at all, without it. 

Written in 4/1999


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